Modern medical advances have helped create new types of medicine andtreatment for diseases, and today people can enjoy longer and healthier lives. This has been made possible mainly by decades of huge investment in medical research funded by industry, individuals, and governments.

现代医学的进步帮助创造了治疗疾病的新药和治疗方法，今天人们可以享受更长和更健康的生命，这主要是因为数十年由行业、个人和政府资助的医学研究而取得的。

解析

On the one hand, many medical studies are funded by pharmaceutical companies directly and individuals indirectly. To begin with, companies need to increase the sales of newly developed drugs or treatments in order to generate adequateprofits. So, it would be in their best interest to directly finance research that favors their corporate goals. That is exactly why industry-funded clinical trials have risen sharply in recent years. Indirectly, individuals support medical science every day through taxes they pay as well as products and services they purchase from companies. For example, something as simple as buying a bottle of aspirin may help foot the bill for medical research.

一方面，许多医学研究是由制药公司直接资助和个人间接资助的。首先，公司需要增加新开发的药物和治疗方式的销售，以产生足够的利润。因此，直接资助有利于实现公司目标的研究符合他们的利益。这正是由行业资助的临床试验最近几年急剧上升的原因。间接而言，个人每天都通过纳税以及从公司购买产品和服务来支持医学科学。例如，买一瓶阿司匹林看起来很简单，但可能有助于支付医学研究的费用。

On the other hand, government’s involvement in financing medical research, like any scientific research, is essential. While some say that private funding will perhaps ensure enough progress without government funding, a majority of people believe that government investment should play an important role in finding ways of preventing and treating human diseases such as cancer and diabetes, with theobjective of improving public health. The importance of government investment is that public funding is non-commercial, which means that research is independent and much less susceptible to profit-oriented bias. So government investment is extremely crucial, especially in fields where private companies or individuals are not willing to invest.

另一方面，政府参与资助医学研究，就像任何科学研究一样，是必不可少的。虽然有些人说，没有政府资助，私人资助也能取得足够的进展，但大多数人认为，为了提高公众健康，政府投资应发挥重要作用，以寻找预防和治疗人类疾病，如癌症和糖尿病。政府投资的重要性在于，公共资金是非商业的，这意味着研究是独立的，利润驱动的选择性对其影响要小得多。因此，政府投资是极其重要的，特别是在私人公司或个人不愿意投资的领域。

From a financial perspective, private companies, individual consumers, and government departments are likely a mix of sources of funding for medical research. The increased human longevity and better health depend upon financial assistance from various sources for the innovation of new types of medicine and treatment.

从经费的角度来看，私人公司、个人消费者和政府部门合在一起，可能是医疗研究的资金来源。人类寿命的延长和健康取决于各种来源的经费援助，以创新新型药物和治疗方式。

7分范文

1. This has been made possible mainly by decades of huge investment in medical research funded by industry, individuals, and governments.

2. To begin with, companies need to increase the sales of newly developed drugs or treatments in order to generate adequate profits. So, it would be in their best interest to directly finance research that favors their corporate goals.

3. While some say that private funding will perhaps ensure enough progress without government funding, a majority of people believe that government investment should play an important role in finding ways of preventing and treating human diseases such as cancer and diabetes, with the objective of improving public health.

4. The importance of government investment is that public funding is non-commercial, which means that research is independent and much less susceptible to profit-oriented bias.

5. The increased human longevity and better health depend upon financial assistance from various sources for the innovation of new types of medicine and treatment.