在托福写作的5分评分标准中，不论是综合写作还是独立写作，都要求语言使用需要合适、地道，那么如何才能做到地道表达呢？除了日常写作，并寻求专业批改之外，我们手头还有现成可以学习利用的资料——综合写作阅读听力原文。今天就以tpo14综合写作为例，看看这篇文章阅读和听力中有哪些值得借鉴的表达。
（综合写作5分语言要求：The passage is well organized, and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.
独立写作5分语言要求：Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.）
TPO14综合写作阅读文本
Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.
1. a great deal of + 不可数名词
2. be beneficial both to A and to B：对A和B都有利
First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which is likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.
1. in the meantime：与此同时
2. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees. 这个however在句子中做插入语
Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees. So, by removing rotting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.
5. minimize the danger of sth：把风险降到最低
Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.
1. create jobs：创造就业机会
2. local residents：本地居民
TPO14综合写作听力文本
Salvage logging may appear to be an effective way of helping forests recover after a destructive fire a storm, but it can actually result in serious longer-term environmental damage. It’s economic benefits are also questionable.
First, cleaning up a forest after a fire or storm does not necessarily create the right condition for tree growth. In fact, the natural process of wood decomposition enriches the soil and makes it more suitable for future generations of tree. The rapid removal of dead trees can result in soil that lacks the nutrients necessary for growth.
8. create the right condition for sth：为xxx提供合适的条件/有助于xxx
second, it is true that rotting wood can increase insect populations, but is this really bad for the forest? In fact, spruce bark beetles do not provide habitats only for harmdul insects. They are also used by birds and other insects that are important contributors to the long-term health of forests. In the long run, therefore, salvage logging may end up doing more harm to forests than hamful insects do.
9. be important contributors to sth：有助于xxx
10. end up doing sth：导致
And third, the economic benefits of salvage logging are small and do not last very long. In severely damaged forests, much of the lumber can be recovered only by using helicopters and other vehicles that are expensive to use and maintain. Furthermore, jobs created by salvage logging are only temporary and are often filled by outsiders with more experience and training than local residents have.
1. be filled by sb：有某人来担任
2. outsiders：外地人
