2019年12月14日
雅思大作文题目
浪费型社会产生的原因及问题
Today people in many countries live in a throw-away society where they use things for a short period of time and throw them away. What are the causes and what problems does the phenomenon lead to?
解析&审题
本题与2018年9月8日高度相仿。2018年9月8日的题目明确了浪费型社会对环境的影响，设问如何解决这个问题。本次考试中，问题是“消费型社会产生的原因及其带来的问题”。可见，两次考试虽然是同一话题，但侧重点有所不同。这提醒我们大家，即使在看到自己以为熟悉，甚至背诵过的题目时，也要花时间仔细阅读问题，弄清楚题目中的问题，否则可能乐极生悲，导致考试失败。
本周考的是一个环境类的老题目。我们现在的社会是一个浪费型的社会（a throw-away society），随处可见被扔弃不用的东西。本题要求分析这个现象产生的原因及其导致的问题。就原因而言，大家可能想到的生活水平提高了，物质太丰富了，这是唐老师经常谈到的物质层面上的原因。如果我们再往下想一想，可能就想到，我们扔掉旧东西，可能还有一个心理原因，即因为技术的发展，新产品不断出现，从而诱使我们使用新产品；除此之外，当然还有一个社会层面的原因，即消费社会鼓励大家扔弃旧东西，换新时尚。在这类分析原因类的考题中，大家都可以按照这三个层面去思考（或者写其中的两个层面），就容易写得更有逻辑一些。
那么，这个现象导致什么问题呢？大家很容易想到污染，用了就扔而不是回收利用当然会导致污染问题的产生，但这种现象还可能导致一个更深层次的问题，即资源浪费问题。过于追求时尚，会造成社会资源的浪费，不利于整个社会的和谐发展。
我们在构思任何一篇雅思作文的时候，都应该写出层次，这是雅思作文批判思维的基本要求。各位烤鸭应该在这方面积累经验。
老师笔记
01
Ours is a throw-away society today where people tend to discard everything that is not new though repairable, while only a few decades ago, people would keep things and use them as long as possible until they were completely beyond repair. 今天，我们的社会是一个抛弃型的社会，人们倾向于抛弃一切旧的东西，尽管这些东西是可以修复的，而就在几十年前，人们还会尽可能地保留和使用它们,直到它们完全无法修复为止。
解析
（1） 本段用比较的方法提出当今的现象，即当今社会是一个抛弃型的社会。
（2） Discard 抛弃
（3） Repairable 可以修复的
（4） Beyond repair 无法修复的
02
There are mainly two reasons for people’s change of mind towards old things. At the most basic level, people today are financially better off than before. If they had to use and re-use the old things in the past, now they can afford to get rid of them and buy new ones. For example, it was very common that a TV set was kept for more than ten years, but now the time has been shortened to three years averagely. 人们对旧物的思想改变主要有两个原因。在最基本的层次上，今天的人经济上比以前更富有。如果在过去他们不得不一再使用旧东西，那么现在他们有能力扔掉它们，购买新的。例如，过去一台电视机保存十多年是很常见的，但是现在这个时间已经缩短到平均三年了。
解析
（1） 本段分析抛弃型社会产生的原因之一：经济上有能力抛弃旧的东西。用举例法来证明这个原因的合理性。
（2） Change of mind 思想的改变；改变主意
（3） At the most basic level 在最基础的层面上
（4） Well off 富有的
（5） Get rid of 扔掉
（6） Averagely 平均地
03
Another important reason is that people may be forced to throw away old things and turn to new ones. Now new technologies are developing at a much faster speed than ever before, the consequence of which is that a product is quick to be replaced by its newer and better versions, and then the users have to buy them in order to enjoy their new features. As this goes on, more and more people will be drawn to the newest products, even if not for their new features, but as a fashionable habit. 另一个重要的原因是，人们可能是被迫扔掉旧东西，转而使用新东西。如今，新技术的发展速度比以往任何时候都快，其后果是：产品很快就被其更新更好的版本所取代，这样用户必须购买这些版本才能享受其新功能。随着这种状况不断发展，越来越多的人将被产品所吸引，甚至不是为了它们的新功能，也是作为一种时尚的习惯。
解析
（1） 本段分析消费型社会产生的第二个原因：产品更新速度快，人们不得不购买新产品，而且随着这种现象的深入，人们慢慢将购买新产品作为一种时尚了。
（2） At a speed of... 以......的速度
（3） Consequence 后果；结果
（4） Version 版本
（5） Feature 功能；特性
04
Throwing away breeds over-consumption, which in turn will cause many problems for us, the most serious one of which is the pressure it imposes on the Earth’s natural resources. The more old things people throw away, the more new products need to be produced. This will definitely put our natural resources at risk. Another problem that a throw-away society has to deal with is the environmental pollution. As old things like furniture, washing machines, TV sets, and even cars are piling up, we have every reason to believe that they will make our neighborhood a less desirable place to live in. 抛弃会滋生过度消费，这反过来会给我们带来许多问题，其中最严重的问题就是它给地球自然资源带来的压力。人们抛弃的旧物越多，就越需要生产出更多的新产品。这肯定会给我们的自然资源带来危险。抛弃型社会必须处理的另一个问题是环境污染。随着家具、洗衣机、电视机甚至汽车等旧东西堆积如山，我们有充分的理由相信，它们会使我们的社区成为一个不那么理想的居住地。
解析
（1）本段讨论浪费型社会带来的两个问题：资源的浪费和环境污染。
（2）Breed 滋生
（3）Impose on... 强加于......
（4）Put...at risk 使......处于危险之中；危及
（5）Pile up 堆积
（6）Desirable 理想的
7分范文
Ours is a throw-away society today where people tend to discard everything that is not new though repairable, while only a few decades ago, people would keep things and use them as long as possible until they were completely beyond repair. There are mainly two reasons for people’s change of mind towards old things. At the most basic level, people today are financially better off than before. If they had to use and re-use the old things in the past, now they can afford to get rid of them and buy new ones. For example, it was very common that a TV set was kept for more than ten years, but now the time has been shortened to three years averagely. Another important reason is that people may be forced to throw away old things and turn to new ones. Now new technologies are developing at a much faster speed than ever before, the consequence of which is that a product is quick to be replaced by its newer and better versions, and then the users have to buy them in order to enjoy their new features. As this goes on, more and more people will be drawn to the newest products, even if not for their new features, but as a fashionable habit. Throwing away breeds over-consumption, which in turn will cause many problems for us, the most serious one of which is the pressure it imposes on the Earth’s natural resources. The more old things people throw away, the more new products need to be produced. This will definitely put our natural resources at risk. Another problem that a throw-away society has to deal with is the environmental pollution. As old things like furniture, washing machines, TV sets, and even cars are piling up, we have every reason to believe that they will make our neighborhood a less desirable place to live in. (319 words)
建议背诵的句子
1. Ours is a throw-away society today where people tend to discard everything that is not new though repairable, while only a few decades ago, people would keep things and use them as long as possible until they were completely beyond repair.
今天，我们的社会是一个抛弃型的社会，人们倾向于抛弃一切旧的东西，尽管这些东西是可以修复的，而就在几十年前，人们还会尽可能地保留和使用它们,直到它们完全无法修复为止。
2. If they had to use and re-use the old things in the past, now they can afford to get rid of them and buy new ones.
如果在过去他们不得不一再使用旧东西，那么现在他们有能力扔掉它们，购买新的。
3. Now new technologies are developing at a much faster speed than ever before, theconsequence of which is that a product is quick to be replaced by its newer and better versions, and then the users have to buy them in order to enjoy their new features.
如今，新技术的发展速度比以往任何时候都快，其后果是：产品很快就被其更新更好的版本所取代，这样用户必须购买这些版本才能享受其新功能。
4. Throwing away breeds over-consumption, which in turn will cause many problems for us, the most serious one of which is the pressure it imposes on the Earth’s natural resources.
抛弃会滋生过度消费，这反过来会给我们带来许多问题，其中最严重的问题就是它给地球自然资源带来的压力。
5. As old things like furniture, washing machines, TV sets, and even cars are piling up, we have every reason to believe that they will make our neighborhood a lessdesirable place to live in.
随着家具、洗衣机、电视机甚至汽车等旧东西堆积如山，我们有充分的理由相信，它们会使我们的社区成为一个不那么理想的居住地。
