如何掌握暗喻口语和写作水平
像中文一样,英语当中也有暗喻(metaphor)。 文中的例子来自《Metaphors we live by》这本书。掌握些暗喻,会使得我们的英文书面和口头表达更加地道。比如“这场辩论是一场没有硝烟的战争。”这句话就是一句典型的暗喻,主体就是 “辩论是战争”翻译成英文就是:ARGUMENT IS WAR
示例:
1.He attacked every weak point in my argument.
他对我的辩词中的薄弱点进行了猛烈地攻击。
2.His criticisms were right on target.
他的批评切入要害。
target原意是“目标,靶子”,那right on target就是说“正中靶子”
3.I demolished his argument.
我驳倒了他的观点
demolish有“拆毁,拆除(建筑物)”的意思,而在这里就是“推翻,驳倒(观点或理论)”
4.I've never won an argument with him.
我辩不过他
5.You disagree? Okay, shoot!
你不同意是吧,好,那你反驳啊!
shoot原意是:“开枪”,而在这里意译就是“反驳”
5.If you use that strategy, he'll wipe you out.
strategy 原意是“战略,策略,行动计划等”
wipe 原意是“(用手、布)擦干净,抹掉”
这里wipe you out就表示“彻底打败你”或者说“彻底驳倒你”
6.He shot down all of my arguments.
shoot down原意是“击落,击倒”,这里就是“驳倒”的意思。
7.我们平时时常讲这样一句话:“一寸光阴一寸金。”
简单来说就是“时间是钱”
翻成英文就是“TIME IS MONEY”
这是一句我们平时生活中很典型的暗喻,因为时间和金钱有着一些很相似的特征:有限,宝贵等等。对应成英语可以说:Time is money. Time is a limited resource. Time is a valuable commodity.
由于这样的一些相似性,于是便有以下一些例子的用法:
a.You're wasting my time.
b.This gadget will save you hours.
这个小装置可以帮你省很多时间。
c.I don't have the time to give you.
d.How do you spend your time these days?
e.That flat tire cost me an hour.
(修理)这个爆胎(漏气车胎)花了我一个小时。
cost原先指“花费某人多少钱”
f.I've invested a lot of time in her.
invest原先是指“投资”,这里就是“花在某人身上的时间”,比如谈恋爱,游说客户等等。
g.I don't have enough time to spare for that.
spare这里就表示“腾出,留出”的意思
h.You're running out of time.
你的时间快用完了。
1.You need to budget your time.
做一下时间上的安排
budget原意是“做预算”,这里就是说“做一下时间上的安排”
2.Put aside some time for ping pong.
预留一些时间
put aside原先和money搭配,比如:Put aside some money for your retirement. 表示“存钱”,这里的意思就是要“预留一些时间”
3.Is that worth your while?
这样做,对你有好处吗
while原意表示“一段时间”,这里意思就是说“这值得你去这样做吗?”或者说“这样做,对你有好处吗?”
4.Do you have much time left?
5.He's living on borrowed time.
他可能不久就要过世了。(大限已近)
(living) on borrowed time或者be on borrowed time的意思就是说“很可能要失败了或者说很可能要死了。”比如:The government is living on borrowed time. 这个政府可能马上就要倒台了。
6.You don't use your time profitably.
你没有有效利用时间。
profitable原意是指“有利润的;赢利的”
7.I lost a lot of time when I got sick.
8.Thank you for your time.
Personification 拟人
1.His theory explained to me the behaviors of chickens raised in factories.
2.This fact argues against the standard theories.
3.Life has cheated me.
4.Inflation is eating up our profits.
通货膨胀把利润都抵消了
Eat up原意是“吃完”的意思,这里就是“通货膨胀把利润都抵消了。”
5.His religion tells him that he cannot drink fine French wines.
6.The Michelson-Morley experiment gave birth to a new physical theory.
7.Cancer finally caught up with him.
这里的catch up with 表示 “对。。。产生影响”
8.Inflation has attacked the foundation of our economy.
9.Inflation has pinned us to the wall.
面对通货膨胀,我们无能为力
10.Pin someone to something 原意指的是“使某人不能动弹,按住某人”,这里的意思就是说“面对通货膨胀,我们无能为力。”
11.Our biggest enemy right now is inflation.
12.The dollar has been destroyed by inflation.
13.Inflation has robbed me of my savings.
14.Inflation has outwitted the best economic minds in the country.
即使这个国家的经济界的精英也无法对付通货膨胀
Outwit指的是“(智力上)超过,胜过”,这里的意思就是说“即使这个国家的经济界的精英也无法对付通货膨胀。”
15.Inflation has given birth to a money-minded generation.