托福写作首要标准是表意明确，其次才是语言的多样性。例如“do”是英语中比较常用的动词。下面，小编就介绍几种do的常用替代表达以及他们的常用搭配。

      首先，可以看看下面这段论述：
      By investing more in educational facilities and equipment, universities can encourage students to do independent experiments and researches. College courses are often advanced, which means that students have to do their own experiments to get first-hand knowledge. However, limited space and resources in urban universities often prevent students from doing so. Larger investments in facilities, such as a new laboratory, a new library, or increased access to online databases, will allow students to design and do their own experiments and do assignments independently, instead of merely observing professors in class. As such, they will do better in their study.
      这段话观点比较明确、展开也比较充分。但是，作者每次表达“做”这个动作的时候用的动词都是do，使人感觉无话可说、表意标胶粗糙。那么do可以被哪些表达替代呢？
      1.Conduct
      强调计划、阻止、实现的整个过程；重在人对于这个过程的控制；
      常见搭配包括：
      conduct an experiment; conduct a research, 做实验、做研究；
      conduct business, 做生意；conduct an interview, 面试、采访；
      conduct one’s affair
      2.Complete/finish
      强调完成、实现这个结果；
      常见搭配包括：
      complete/finish homework, 完成作业
      complete/finish an assignment, 完成任务（大学homework一般用assignment；另外不特定要求在家完成的school activities都可以称为assignment）
      complete/finish a task, 完成任务；完成目标
      complete/finish a project, 完成计划/活动
      3.Execute/carry out
      这两个表达都强调按照计划精确执行；二者相比，carry out更强调成功执行、结果实现这个意思；
      常见搭配包括：
      execute/carry out a task/a plan/a project, 执行任务/计划/活动（强调精确进行）；
      execute/carry out an order, 执行（他人的）命令；
      execute/carry out justice, 保证正义的实现；
      4.Perform
      Perform的意思是表现，强调经过一定训练、按照一定要求/评价标准完成；写作中“学习好”、“工作好”都可以用perform表达。
      perform a task, 完成任务；
      perform a function, 实现某种功能；达到某种作用；
      perform well, 做的不错
      现在，我们可以返回修改之前的文段：
      By investing more in educational facilities and equipment, universities are encouraging students to conduct independent experiments and researches.
      这里用conduct替代do，是为了强调学生对experiment和research的自主控制；conduct experiment, conduct research也都是比较常见的固定的搭配。
      College courses are often advanced, which means that students have to carry out their own experiments to get first-hand knowledge.
      这里用carry out强调experiment按照计划和设计实现；
      However, limited space and resources in urban universities often prevent students from doing so.
      这句话中保留了do，但是实际上do已经没有具体“做某事”的意思，而是用来指代前一句出现的动作，本身也是避免重复表达的一种手段。
      Larger investments in facilities, such as a new laboratory, a new library, or increased access to online databases, will allow students to design and execute their own experiments and complete assignments independently, instead of merely observing professors in class.
      design and execute是一个很好的组合，因为design强调的是设计、规划（plan）这个过程，而execute强调计划完成后、具体执行的过程；这两个词连用体现了动作的一种动态的连续。
      As such, they will perform better in their study.
      perform well in+某个领域，表示在某个领域里做的不错；perform还可以进一步活用 (perform well + adv., perform well academically学术表现好；或者adj. + performance, academic performance学术表现)
      综上所述，在写作中准确使用替换表达不仅可以达到“不重复”的目的，更重要的是可以提高表达的精确性、是文章在表意的基础上更流畅、更符合本土叙述习惯。为了达到这个标准，在阅读中留心体会、写作练习中反复积累是必不可少的。
      如果您想要更好地托福写作，小编为您推荐宁波新航道托福写作陪练课程，您可以直接联系杨老师：17757149597（微信同号）进行预约。