We are in an era of numerous challenges and risks, for example, from natural disasters and changing weather patterns to social conflicts and wars. Suffering tremendously from those grave challenges, some pessimists assert that they can hardly be solved in our lifetime. However, I tend to argue otherwise. 

本段解析：

开头段不妨就将下文将要介绍的具体哪些 important problems 做个预告。

重点词汇：

* Grave adj. 严峻的

For starters, a host of technological advances should give us faith in tackling those problems. In other words, the advent of many state-of-the-art technology has made a huge difference, empowering people to mitigate the worst impacts of current challenging problems. Fewer smog days in China’s major cities, which primarily result from the widespread use of solar and wind power generators, are a telling example of this. Moreover, China and other countries are also utilizing artificial intelligence in sewage treatment, waste utilization and ecological restoration, which protects the environment to a large extent. It is also reported that with new technological breakthroughs in greener economy, American government has faith in achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. In this case, environmental pollution problems, one of the most concerning problems in this era, is being alleviated and will sooner or later be addressed.

本段解析：

此类抽象文章大量的举例是完成文章的关键。举例遵循 宽泛的名词到具体的名词的过度，例如本段重点说明科技帮助人们解决环境问题，在例子部分就不再出现科技这个具体的名词, 而是写了solar and wind power generators， artificial intelligence，new breakthroughs等具体的科技 以及他们解决来对应的说明问题。

重点词汇：

* a telling example 生动的例子

* carbon neutrality 碳中和 （一个环保的表现）

* Empower 使能够控制局势

Technology is also helping us in other aspects, like ensuring equal access to education. Different from the past, when only the rich and the male could afford the fees to go to school, modern era has witnessed a dramatic surge in literacy rates, because people, regardless of their gender and background, can take various online courses with the proliferation of electronic gadgets and the Internet. Well equipped with knowledge for various vocations, females and people from the lower class are able to find jobs with handsome salaries, so the gender pay gap and the gap between rich and poor populations, which are also perplexing problems of this century, are gradually closing and can be expected to be completely eliminated within decades. 

重点词汇：

* Proliferation 大量涌现的事物

* Eliminate v. 消除

* Close the gap 缩小差距

In addition to technology development, the deepening international communication and collaboration is another plus. Despite the deep-seated political and economic tensions, the rivals are stepping up the cooperation to mediate the conflicts among countries. Take the found of the United Nations after World War II as an example. Wars sweeping the whole world have never erupted again with the major countries collaborating together. As such cooperation continues to expand, wars can be expected to be avoided in our lifetime. 

本段解析：

依旧是个经典举例论证段。

重点词汇：

* step up 加强

* mediate the conflicts 缓和矛盾

In conclusion, it is safe to anticipate that most problems affecting our society today can be addressed within our lifetime, and those who hold a pessimistic view should have confidence in modern technology and international cooperation.   

重点词汇：

* it is safe to可以肯定的说