小托福是ETS托福家族中的重要成员，是托福考试向中低年龄段学生的延伸，主要用于衡量学生在校园学术生活和日常社会生活中的英语语言水平，包含对阅读理解、听力理解、语言形式与含义以及口语能力的考察。小托福不仅可以反映学生在以英语为媒介的教学环境下的英语应用能力，同时也能够为托福考试奠定一定的基础。在阅读理解这个部分，不仅会和托福有话题相似的学术类篇章，也有很多重叠的题型，比如词汇题、细节题、目的题等。在官方给出的小托福指南中，为我们详细介绍了小托福阅读的六种题型以及每种题型的题型特征和答题要旨。但是，在老师们对小托福的官方资料进行观察和分析之后，发现了官方没有给出说明的一种重要的隐藏题型——选非题！作为细节题的一种变化形式，选非题（也称“排除题”）在托福阅读的十大题型中也作为一种非常重要的题型出现。所以，为了了解这个在小托福和托福中都占有一席之地的重要题型，我们今天就来探一探它的“庐山真面目”。
为了让大家能够非常直观地了解这个题型的特点，我们用大家熟悉的《哈利波特》中的内容来举一个简单的例子：
The Lord Voldemort（伏地魔） can be called by all of the following EXCEPT?
A You-Know-Who（神秘人）
B The Dark Lord（黑魔王）
C The “Chosen One”（天选之子）
D He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named（那个连名字都不能提的人）
显而易见，不属于伏地魔“外号”的选项应该是C。我们的主人公Harry Potter才是号称“天选之子”的男主角，可不能被头号反派人物——伏地魔抢了风头。
通过这个简单的例子，我们来总结一下“选非题”的特点：首先，题干会出现大写的EXCEPT/NOT来提醒我们需要选择不符合题干要求的选项；而且，四个选项中会有三个正确选项，一个不正确选项，而那个“不正确选项”正是我们需要选择的答案。
这种“不正确选项”在实际的考试中会呈现三种不同的情况：
（1）该选项在原文中没有出现--代号“无”
（2）该选项和原文信息相反--代号“反”
（3）该选项在原文中出现了，和原文信息也一致，但是和题干无关--代号“坑爹”
前两种形式的选项如果出现在试题中，考生们只要能够耐心去找四个选项在文中有否对应或矛盾的信息，一般都能轻松拿分，而“坑爹”选项“题如其名”容易成为考生们一脚踏进的大坑。所以同学们在遇到“选非题”时，一定要先关注题干给定的范围，再去观察选项的正确与否哦。最后，我们给一道典型的“坑爹”型例题来实际演练一波，请看题：
Kennedy came from an Irish family that left Ireland during the 1840's. In America the Kennedy's became rich and JFK's father was a politician and millionaire.
After John had studied politics at Harvard University he joined the US Navy and was commander of a boat during World War II. He became a war hero and was honored because he rescued the crew of his boat when it was bombed by Japanese airplanes.
In the 1940s Kennedy's political career began. He became a member of the House of Representatives and later a Senator in his home state of Massachusetts. In 1960 Kennedy won the race for the White House and became the first Roman Catholic president of the USA. People liked him because he was good-looking and rich. He was a young, dynamic American and he had an attractive wife, Jacqueline.
Kennedy had many things to do during his short presidency. He helped African Americans in their fight fbr equal rights. He also sent US advisors to Vietnam because the Communists threatened to take control of it. JFK promised to put a man on the moon before the Soviets. His main problem, however, was Cuba. In 1961 the Soviet Union put missiles, which could attack the US, on the island. When Kennedy threatened to start a war, the Russians removed their missiles.
The author describes the reasons why John F. Kennedy could be the president of the United States are all of the following EXCEPT that
（A） he was rich and had a good appearance
（B） he was a hero in World War II, and once was honored
（C） his family background and college major might play an important role in his career
（D） he had helped African Americans in their fight for equal rights
公布正确答案：D！题目提问的是选项中不属于肯尼迪成为美国总统的原因，原文中四个选项都有出现，但是第四个选项是他成为总统之后做的事情，不符合题干的范围。不知道有多少同学被这道题“坑”到了呢？
