托福词汇里的起承转合

    这篇文章的干货内容是宁波新航道托福培训课上的托福词汇笔记，掌握好这些知识，并运用到自己日常的写作中，将帮助大家分分钟提高考试成绩。
　　1.增补(Addition) 　　in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what`s more, similarly, next, finally.
　　2.比较(Comparison) 　　in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as
　　3.对照(Contrast) 　　whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while
　　4.因果(Cause and effect) 　　because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus
　　5.强调(Emphasis) 　　certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant
　　6.让步(Concession) 　　although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....
　　7.例证(Exemplification) 　　for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.
　　8.总结(Conclusion) 　　to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary
　　9.推断(Inference) 　　therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise
　　10.时间和空间(Time and space) 　　afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of
　　11.启承转合
　　(1)启　　A proverb says...... At present....... 　　As the proverb says.... Currently..... 　　Generally speaking, .... Now,.... 　　In general, ..... On the Whole.... 　　It is clear that.... Recently..... 　　It is often said that.... Without doubt, .......
　　(2)承　　First(of all), ...... Moreover, ......... 　　Firstly, ......... No one can deny that....In the first place, ......... Obviously..... 　　To begin with, ......... Of course, .........Also, ....... Similarly,......... 　　At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that..... 　　Certainly...... There is no doubt that....... 　　In addition,..... What`s more, .......... 　　In fact........ It can be easily proved that... 　　Meanwhile......
　　(3)转　　But... Still, ...... 　　But the problem is not so simple... 　　There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to....... 　　However, 　　....... To our surprise,.......... 　　Nevertheless, ........ Unfortunately....... 　　On the other hand, ....... 　　Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........ 　　Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.....
　　(4)合　　Above all, In brief, ........ 　　Accordingly, ..... In conclusion, ........ 　　All in all, ....... 　　In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that........ 　　As a consequence, ......... In short, ......... 　　As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum, ........ 　　In summary, ....... As has been noted, .... 　　Obviously, ......... By so doing, ..... 　　On the whole, ..... Consequently, ........ 　　Presumably, ....... Eventually, ......... 　　To conclude, ...... Finally, ........ 　　To sum up, ..... In a word, ...... 　　To summarize, ......
　　以上内容就是关于托福词汇的起承转合，宁波新航道建议考生在平时的学习中能针对不同的需要进行练习，然后找有经验的老师进行指导修改，从而更好的进步。