this和that的区别
一、this 表示“这”,指较近的人或物;that 表示“那”,指较远的人或物
I want this book, not that book.
我要这本书,不是那本书。
This rope is longer than that one.
这根绳子比那根长。
Mind that cup, you clumsy oaf!
当心那个杯子,你这笨手笨脚的家伙!
That sounds great. Deal me in!
这听起来太棒了。算我一个!
二、两者都可用作副词,与形容词或副词连用,其义为“这么”“那么”(=so)
I didn't realize she was that ill.
我没想到她病得那么重。
The book is about this thick.
那本书大约有这么厚。
三、用来回指上文提到的事情时,两者都可以。
John had a bad cold. That [This] was why he didn't turn up.
约翰患了重感冒,这(那)就是他没有来的原因。
若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用 this。如:
I want to know this: Is he healthy?
我想知道这一点:他是否很健康。
四、在打电话时,通常用 this 指自己,用 that 指对方
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John?
喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?
但在美国英语中指对方时也可用 this。